小天体采样探测技术发展现状及展望

Development Status and Prospect of Small Celestial Body Sampling Exploration Techniques

小天体采样探测是探索宇宙奥秘及寻找地外稀有资源等的重要手段,已成为未来一段时间内深空探测任务的热点领域之一。文章在总结近40年小天体采样探测发展历程的基础上,系统分析国内外现有小天体采样探测技术的种类、特点和适用性,分析微重力环境下针对接触即走短期着陆采样方式研制的射弹溅射及气动等采样探测技术;提出未来小天体采样探测技术可能的发展趋势,例如针对长期着陆采样返回探测的表面锚固技术及复合高可靠的采样探测技术将成为研究重点。上述分析成果对我国深入开展小天体采样返回任务,把握关键技术,具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。

Small celestial body sampling exploration techniques are an important way to explore the mystery of the universe and to find rare extraterrestrial resources. It has been one of the hotspots of deep space exploration missions in the future. Based on the development of small celestial body sampling exploration techniques in the past 40 years, this paper systematically analyzes the types, characteristics and applicability of the existing sampling exploration techniques. The sampling exploration techniques in the microgravity environment, such as projectile sputtering, pneumatic approaches and so on, developed for the short-term touch-and-go landing sampling approach are analyzed. The possible development trend of sampling exploration techniques for small celestial body in the future is proposed. The surface anchoring technique and composite highly reliable sampling technique for long-term landing sample return exploration will become the research focus in the future. The results of this paper are of certain guiding significance and reference value for China to carry out further sample return missions and to grasp key techniques for small celestial body exploration.