从民本主义到民主主义——刘光蕡政治思想的形成与转变

From Humanism to Democracy——On the Formation and Transformation of Liu Guangfen’s Political Thought

刘光蕡是清末陕西著名维新思想家。他早年坚持民本主义,批判君主无限扩权,认为君源于民,民贵君轻,应以是否利民作为贤君的判断标准,主张实行传贤的官天下制度,君臣之间是平等的师友关系。他在1903年接触到《宪法精理》后,其政治思想发生了转变。他以中国古代官名职名来比附理解西方三权分立的政治制度,认为中国也应实行三权分立制度,君主无实权,仅是象征性的国家元首。刘光蕡的政治思想反映了近代中国新旧过渡时期知识分子的心路历程,具有一定的代表性。

Liu Guangfen was a famous thinker in Shaanxi in the late Qing Dynasty.In his early years,he adhered to the people-oriented doctrine and criticized the unlimited expansion of monarchy.He believed that the monarch originated from the people,the people are more important than the monarch,and the monarch should be judged by whether he benefits the people or not.In 1903,his political thought changed after he came into contact with the Essence of Constitution.He compared the political system of the separation of powers in the West with the official titles in ancient China,and believed that China should also implement the system of separation of powers.According to this system,the monarch has no real power and is only a symbolic head of state.Liu Guangfen’s political thought reflects the mentality of intellectuals in the transitional period between the old and the new in modern China,and has certain representativeness.