民国辞书编纂与社会文化互动

The Interaction between Lexicography and Social Culture in the Republican Era

伴随着晚清以来西方势力的入侵、封建统治的松弛、外来新学的传入和新式辞书编纂的开展等因素,我国现代汉语语文辞书在字词兼收、不避新俗的理念下完成了字典和词典的现代类型划分,为后世辞书编纂奠定了坚实基础。《新青年》的创刊和五四运动将新文化运动推向高潮,思想的空前解放、语文运动的推进、军阀混战的结束、国民教育的改革等因素促使现代汉语语文辞书在类型、数量、体例等方面有了更加完善的发展,但随着全面抗战的爆发和内战的进行,良好的发展态势陷入踡伏困顿的窘境。在广阔的社会文化背景下梳理现代汉语语文辞书的产生和发展,能够为当前的辞书编纂、辞书规划和“辞书强国”建设提供参考。

In the Late Qing Dynasty,owing to the invasion of Western forces,slackening feudalism,the introduction of new teachings from the outside world,and the launch of new-type lexicography,contemporary Chinese lexicography has undergone classification in the modern sense,i.e.wordbooks and dictionaries,consistent with the idea of collecting both characters and words and drawing on old and new practices.This laid a solid foundation for lexicography in the future.The launch of New Youth magazine and the May Fourth Movement brought the New Cultural Movement to a climax.Unprecedented mind emancipation,the advancement of the Chinese language movement,the end of the warlord dogfight and the reform of national education further improved the types,quantities and styles of contemporary Chinese dictionaries.However,following the outbreak of the comprehensive anti-Japanese war and the civil war,the development momentum was put to an end.Sorting out the emergence and development of contemporary Chinese dictionaries in the broad social and cultural background can provide a reference for the current lexicography,the planning of dictionaries and the initiative of“reinvigorating the country through lexicography”.