刘洪慎独斋两部刻本的版权归属刍议

An Attempting Discussion of the Copyright Ownership of Two Books Printed by Publisher Liu Hong

建阳名肆刘洪慎独斋刊刻的《群书考索》《文献通考》,各家书目均著录为“明正德刘氏慎独斋刻本”。此二书虽产自书坊,但与传统意义上的坊刻本不同,其版权应属于委托其刊刻的官方机构。由宋至明,接受官私方、各地作家学者的委托刻书,是建阳书坊不少刻书家的共性;而隐藏在这一共性背后的,是建阳之所以能够保持由宋迄明都是全国刻书中心的最重要的原因,此亦评判地域刻书能否称为“刻书中心”的最重要标准。

“Block-printed edition of Liu Hong’s Shen Du Zhai”was made on the Compilations of a Big Bunch of Books(Qunshu Kaosuo)and the Comprehensive Textual Research of Historical Documents(Wenxian Tongkao),two books printed by Liu Hong’s Shen Du Zhai,a famous bookshop in Jianyang of Fujian Province.Although the two books were printed by a bookshop,both were different from the books printed by commercial publishers in the traditional sense because their copyrights should rest with the government organizations entrusting the bookshop to print.From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,many publishers in Jianyang printed books upon the entrustment of government and private organizations,writers and scholars.And what was hid behind this common practice explains the most why Jianyang remained China’s printing center from Song up to Ming Dynasty.This was also the most important criteria to evaluate whether a place could be hailed as the“printing center”.