论虱知人:古代人虱叙事中的医疗与生命审思

Medical and Life Thinking in the Narration of Human Lice in Ancient China

人虱是寄生于人体的寄生虫,但由于缺乏对人虱因何而生问题的科学认识,故而古人对人虱的叙事往往镶嵌在宏观的宇宙生成论中。虱生于我之气蒸,与人同气异类是两汉魏晋之人的基本认识。由于认知的进步,宋人更倾向于从形而下的层面去探讨虱生的问题,虱生于汗垢等逐渐成为一种流行的解释模式。但思想上人虱与人的密切关系,仍抵不过现实中人虱带来的感官感受,故人们尤其是医学系统中进化出了较为严密的除虱体系。现实中对人虱这一生命个体的随意杀灭,激起了儒家与佛教对人虱生命的某些思考。而这些思考对于深切检讨动物疾病与人类健康的关系,人类与寄生环境的平衡及和谐发展无疑亦具有某种借鉴意义。

Human lice are parasites that parasitize the human body. However,due to the lack of scientific understanding of why people born lice,the ancient people’s narrative of human lice is often embedded in macroscopic cosmogenesis. Human lice are born in my steam,and different types of people are the basic understanding of the Han and Wei dynasties. Due to cognitive progress,the Song people are more inclined to explore the problem of lice growth from a material perspective,and lice growth from sweat and dirt has gradually become a popular explanation mode. However,the close relationship between human lice and human beings is unable to withstand the sensory experience brought by human lice,so people,especially in the medical system,have evolved a more rigorous system of lice removal. The random killing of human life lice has aroused some thinking about the life value of human lice in Confucianism and Buddhism. These thoughts are undoubtedly useful for the in-depth examination of the relationship between animal diseases and human health,deeply reviewing the balance and harmonious development of human and parasitic environment.