惠州市单采血小板献血者流失因素分析与对策

Analysis and countermeasure of platelet blood donor loss in Huizhou City

目的探讨惠州市单采血小板献血者的流失原因及相关因素,针对性持续改进,构建可行的单采血小板献血工作模式,减少单采献血者流失,促进单采献血者队伍持续健康发展。方法对2009年1月1日至2018年12月31日期间惠州市34299名单采血小板献血者,按性别、年龄、文化程度、献血次数、职业等人群分布进行分析,并采用电话回访,分析4814名单采血小板献血者的流失原因。结果4814名单采血小板流失献血者中男性3273名(67.99%),女性1541名(32.01%),男性多于女性;18~30岁年龄段的献血者流失较多(1680名,34.90%),其次是31~40岁年龄段的献血者(1432名,29.75%);初中以下学历的单采献血者流失较多(2215名,46.01%),其次是高中学历的献血者(1106名,22.97%);自由职业(893名,18.55%)、农民(813名,16.89%)、学生(714名,14.83%)及军人(692名,14.37%)等群体的单采血小板献血者流失较多,其次是工人(509名,10.57%);献血者流失主要原因为献血时间不合适、献血路途远不便、工作地方变动、采血时间过长,其次是自身身体状况、献血服务不满意等;单采血小板献血者流失逐年增加,2016年达最高值,随后逐年下降。结论单采血小板献血者流失主要原因与献血群体流动性大、献血时间过长、献血不方便、献血认知度、献血过程感受及自身健康等因素有关。因此优化献血服务流程,根据不同人群制定不同召回招募策略,并加强献血者献血后信息回访及有效沟通,提高献血认知度,提升服务质量,建立一个健康、可行的单采血小板献血服务机制,对保障临床用血需要和医疗事业的发展具有重要意义。

Objective To analyze the causes and related factors of the loss of apheresis platelet blood donors in Huizhou City,and gradually constructs a stable,healthy,and sustainable apheresis blood donation mode.Methods From January 1,2009 to December 31,2018,34299 donors in Huizhou City were collected,their data were analyzed on age,sex,education,number of blood donations,occupation,etc.,and the reasons for the loss of 4814 donors were analyzed by telephone interview.Results Among the 4814 donors,3273(67.99%)were male and 1541(32.01%)were female.The loss of blood donors in the age group from 18 to 30 years old was the most(1680,34.90%),followed by those in the age group from 31 to 40 years old(1432,29.75%).The loss of blood donors with junior middle school education was the most(2215,46.01%),followed by high school education(1106,22.97%).And loss of blood donors was more in the groups of independent profession(893,18.55%),farmer(813,16.89%),student(714,14.83%),and soldier(692,14.37%),followed by workers(509,10.57%).The main reasons for the loss of blood donors were inappropriate time of blood donation,inconvenience of long distance of blood donation,change of working place,too long time of blood collection,followed by their own physical condition,unsatisfactory blood donation services,etc.The loss of blood donors increased year by year,reaching the highest value in 2016,and then decreased year by year.Conclusion The main reasons for the loss of platelet donors are related to the mobility of blood donors,the long-time of blood donation,the inconvenience of blood donation,the awareness of blood donation and the health of their own.Therefore,it is of great significance to optimize the blood donation service process,formulate different recall recruitment strategies according to different groups,strengthen the information return visit and effective communication after blood donation,improve the awareness of blood donation,improve service quality,and establish a healthy and feasible platelet donation service mechanism for ensuring the needs of clinical blood use and the development of medical cause.