为“假借”正名

Debate on Borrowing

学界一般认为,汉字的假借是通过借字表达词音("依声托事"或"借字表词")来实现假借的目的,但事实上假借是汉字所兼有的一种表达职能,只有形义统一、以形别(表)义的汉字才具有假借的职能;而汉语单音节词自身不能独立地区别(表达)一定的概念,又不能区别本义、引申义和假借义,因此汉语的词是不具有假借职能的。所以,汉字的假借,既不是"依声托事",也不是"借字表词(音)",而是"依形托事"。

The academic circles generally believe that the borrowing of Chinese characters achieves the purpose of borrowing by expressing the pronunciation of the words.( "depending on the sound to express" or "borrowing words to express words") But in fact, borrowing is a kind of expression of Chinese character, only the Chinese character which unifies the form and meaning or uses the form to express the meaning has the function of it. Chinese monosyllabic words can not independently express certain concepts, and can not distinguish original meaning, extended meaning and borrowed meaning, so Chinese words do not have the function of borrowing. So the borrowing of Chinese character is neither to express by the sound, nor to express by the borrowing words, but to express by the forms.