历史责任、历史理性与史学职业化

On Historical Responsibility, Historical Reason and Professionalization of Historiography

历史研究成为一门职业的学科研究之后,马克斯·韦伯所谓的"价值无涉"在其中得到了彻底的贯彻。作为职业的史家,我们对自己的研究不苛求道德判断或价值判断,而只求"如实直书"。如果我们承认"人在历史之中",历史学家并非上帝一般的历史看客,同时,我们作为历史学家一旦追问自己的研究在当前的意义和价值时,都会涉及历史学家本身的历史责任与历史伦理问题。以纳粹大屠杀为例,我们有必要重新思考人类理性的诉求导向和限度,在此历史正义在历史研究中依然是一个潜在性要素。在当前,对历史学家研究合法性逻辑的考量和对历史伦理的考察成为一个问题的一体两面。历史伦理和史家个体伦理是一个难以割舍的、相互关联的双向性思想过程。

After historical research became a professional disciplinary research, Max Weber’ so-called "value-free" was thoroughly implemented in it. As professional historians, we do not demand moral judgments or value judgments in our own research, but only seek "purified truth". If we admit that "human is in history", therefore, as a historian, once we ask our research about the current meaning and value, we will all involve the historian’s responsibility and historical ethics. Taking the Holocaust as an example, we need to rethink the direction and limits of human rational appeals. At present, the consideration of historian’s research on the logic of legitimacy and the historical ethics have become one side of the two problems. Historical ethics and historians’ individual ethics are a unified thought process that is difficult to divide.