东正教会对俄国史学发展的促进作用

On the Positive Influences of the Orthodox Church upon Russian Historiography

俄国东正教会与史学发展密切相关。拜占庭基督教(1054年后称为东正教)传入罗斯,促进了罗斯史学的出现和发展。俄国中世纪时期史学处于东正教会的操控之下:修道院是修史中心、体例以编年史为主、史观也以基督教史观为主。其原因在于修道院是当时的文化中心,僧侣的文化程度高,垄断文化。修道院修史的目的是证明上帝存在的合理性。修道院与王权的亲密关系,使其修史权进一步巩固。俄国东正教会编写如《往年纪事》《诺夫哥罗德第一编年史》《尼康编年史》等一系列编年史巨著。基督教的传入促进了俄国史学的兴起。修道院编史有利于史料和史书的保存,但也造成了史书内容以教会和王公为主体、史学体裁以编年史为主、形式过于单一等消极影响。

The Russian Orthodox Church is closely related to the development of historiography. The introduction of Byzantine Christianity(called the Orthodox Church after 1054) to Ruspromoted the emergence and development of Rus’ historiography. The perfection and popularization of the Rus’ words, and the way of learning Christian chronology were the prerequisite and condition for the development of Rus’ historiography. During the Russian medieval period, the historiography was under the control of the Orthodox Church. The monastery was the center of historical compilation, with chronicle as its main style and Christian history as its main view. Because the monastery was the cultural center at that time, monks were highly educated and monopolized culture.The purpose of monastic history was to prove the rationality of God’s existence;the close relationship between the monastery and the royal power had further consolidated the former’s right to compile history. Thus the Russian Orthodox Church compiled a series of chronicles, such as Russian Primary Chronicles. The introduction of Christianity promotes the rise of Russian historiography. The compilation of monasteries is conducive to the preservation of historical materials and books. However, it also has a negative impact, that is, the contents of historical books are mainly churches and dukes, the historical genres are mainly chronicles, and the forms are too single, etc.