青年卢卡奇与西方马克思主义的共性逻辑

Young Lukács and Commonality Logic of Western Marxism

卢卡奇在《历史与阶级意识》中开启了一股另类的理论潮流。佩里·安德森认为,西方马克思主义尽管存在种种内部分歧和对立,却仍然构成了一种具有共同学术传统的理论。青年卢卡奇对马克思主义哲学进行了新的解释,体现了西方马克思主义的共性逻辑。西方马克思主义共性逻辑的核心在于坚持意识形态优先论。经典作家强调经济和政治斗争在历史中的重要作用,青年卢卡奇则坚持意识形态斗争的首要性。在卢卡奇看来,无产阶级是人类历史上第一个能够客观地充分认识社会的主体,具有创造历史的能动性,但是主体首先要在意识上从现存制度下解放出来。青年卢卡奇反复强调,这种主体能动性不能等同于建立在孤立的个人基础上的主观能动性,主体必须通过组织或者政党的作用才能真正成为改变世界的现实力量。

Young Lukács initiated a distinctive tide of theory in History and Class Consciousness.Perry Anderson thought that,although various internal disagreement and confrontation existed in Western Marxism,they constituted a theory with a common academic tradition.Young Lukács gave a new interpretation of Marxism philosophy,reflecting the commonality logic of Western Marxism.The core of commonality logic of Western Marxism lies in insisting on ideology first.Classic writers emphasized the important role of economic and political struggle in history,while young Lukács insisted on the primacy of ideological struggle.According to Lukács,the proletariat is the first subject in human history to fully and objectively understand society and has the initiative to create history,but the subject must first be liberated spiritually and emotionally from the existing system.Young Lukács repeatedly emphasized that such subject's initiative cannot be equated with subjective initiative based on an isolated individual.Subject must truly become a real force to change the world through the role of organizations or political parties.