健康城市背景下大空间公共建筑的建筑设计防疫预案探讨--以大型体育馆建筑为例

Discussion on the Epidemic Prevention Plan for the Architectural Design of Large Space Public Buildings under the Background of Healthy City: A Case Study of the Large Stadium

在2020年的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19,以下简称"新冠肺炎")疫情中,以利用体育馆为主的大空间公共建筑改造成的临时医院为收治病人、阻断传播、抗击疫情做出了巨大的贡献。传染病医院、特别是烈性呼吸道传染病医院有着严格的规范要求,若在原有设计中完全未考虑改造为传染病医院的可能性,则实际改造时必然遭遇各种困难;且由于建设仓促,应急临时医院实际还存在医院感染隐患。在健康城市建设目标中,我国仍会新建大量体育馆建筑,结合"平战双轨"的思想,部分未来新建的大型体育馆有必要在初始建设时即考虑应急改造为传染病医院的可能性。梳理大型体育馆改造为临时传染病医院的相关因素,明确改造的原则,并提出可供参考的设计策略。

During the epidemic caused by COVID-19 in 2020, the temporary hospitals transformed from large space public buildings have made great contributions to the treatment of patients, the interdiction of transmission and the fight against the epidemic. Infectious disease hospitals, especially those for severe respiratory infectious diseases, require strict and detailed specifications. In the original design of large public buildings, if the possibility of transformation is not considered, there will be various troubles in the actual transformation, and the temporary emergency hospital would still have the hidden danger of nosocomial infection. In the goal of the healthy city, Chinese cities plan to build a large number of new stadiums in the future. Combining the thought of "consider both peacetime and wartime", it is necessary to take into account the possibility of transforming some of the new stadiums into infectious disease hospitals and reflect it on the architectural design. This paper combs the rationality and contradiction of the transformation of the large stadiums into temporary infectious disease hospitals, clarifies the principles of the transformation, and attempts to provide specific measures.