中国燃煤工业锅炉政策解析与展望

Policy analysis and prospects of China’s coal-fired industrial boiler

我国能源资源赋存特点和能源结构现状决定了在今后较长时期内,煤炭作为我国能源安全稳定供应兜底保障的作用很难改变,促进煤炭清洁高效利用既是我国能源革命的必然要求,也是大气污染防治的有效途径。长期以来,我国燃煤工业锅炉是仅次于燃煤发电的第二大燃煤型污染源,也是PM2.5、PM10的主要来源之一。近年来,中国煤炭科工集团煤科院节能技术有限公司组织科研团队开展煤粉工业锅炉关键技术攻关,并在国内多个大中城市和工业园区推广应用,取得了显著的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。笔者从单台锅炉蒸吨数、节能以及减排3个方面对2011-2019年我国关于燃煤工业锅炉的政策文件及行业标准进行解析,形成对煤粉锅炉政策的连续性认知,并对行业未来的潜在预期进行展望。未来我国将继续加大燃煤小锅炉淘汰力度,污染物排放标准不断加严,对污染控制水平的要求不断提高,应从提高行业装备制造水平、开发集成控制技术、培养研发团队及技术服务机构、推动与数字经济的融合以及加强国际合作等方面提升行业内核,打造不可替代的核心竞争力。

Due to the existing characteristics of energy resources and the current situation of energy structure in China,it is determined in the future that it is difficult to change the role of coal as the guarantee for the safe and stable supply of energy in China. Thus,the clean and efficient utilization of coal is both an inevitable requirement of our energy revolution and effective way to prevent pollution. For a long time,China’s coal-fired industrial boilers,preceded only by coal-fired power generation,are considered as the second largest coal-type pollution source,and act as one of the main sources of PM2.5 and PM10. In recent years,scientific research teams,organized by China Coal Research Institute Company of Energy,Conservation of China Coal Technology Engineering Group,has carried out the key technology research of pulverized coal industrial boilers. These technologies have been successfully applied in many large and medium cities and industrial parks and meantime,significant economic benefits,environmental protection and social benefits have been achieved. In this paper,the policy documents and industry standards in 2011 to 2019 from three aspects of steam tonnage,energy saving and emission reductionwere summarized,which were related to coal-fired industrial boilers in China. And,the continuous awareness of pulverized coal boiler policies was formed and prospects were proposed for the future potential of the industry. In general,China will continue to increase the elimination of small coal-fired boilers in the follow-up. It will be more strict for the pollutant emission standards and thus the requirements for pollution control will be higher. In the future,the following five aspects should be taken into consideration to create irreplaceable core competitiveness,including improving the level of equipment manufacturing,developing integrated control technologies,cultivating research and development teams as well as technical service agencies,promoting integration with the digital economy,and strengthening international cooperation.