黄石、荆门地区产妇母乳喂养自我效能影响因素分析

Factors influencing maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy among postpartum women in Huangshi and Jingmen regions

目的探究黄石、荆门地区产后妇女母乳喂养自我效能的现状及影响因素,为改善母乳喂养率提供更多理论依据。方法对2017年12月—2018年3月在湖北省黄石市、荆门市的三所医院住院分娩的产妇进行问卷调查,获得产妇社会人口特征、孕产相关资料、母乳喂养相关情况。采用多元线性回归分析母乳喂养自我效能的影响因素。结果共1023名产妇纳入分析,平均年龄(29.0±5.7)岁。已婚占98.3%,初产占54.0%,大专及以上学历占53.9%。研究对象的母乳喂养自我效能平均得分为(45.5±12.3)分。多元线性回归的结果显示:当前不存在乳腺问题(B=2.08,P=0.036)、有母乳喂养经历(B=3.62,P<0.001)、家人提供母乳喂养指导或经验(B=3.20,P=0.001)、丈夫支持母乳喂养(B=5.87,P=0.001)及产后30 min内有医护母乳喂养帮助(B=3.02,P=0.003)的产妇母乳喂养自我效能得分更高。结论产后妇女的母乳喂养自我效能可能与其健康状况、母乳喂养经历、社会支持及母乳喂养卫生服务有关。应对产后妇女提供广泛的社会支持,加强母乳喂养卫生服务提供,以提高其母乳喂养的自我效能,促进母乳喂养。

Objective To explore the current status and influencing factors of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy among postpartum women in Huangshi and Jingmen regions,and to provide more theoretical evidence for improving the maternal breastfeeding rate.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among postpartum women who delivered their babies in three hospitals in Huangshi city and Jingmen city,Hubei province from December 2017 to March 2018,and their social demographical features,information about pregnancy and delivery,and breastfeeding status were obtained.Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy.Results A total of 1,023 postpartum women were enrolled in the study,with an average age of(29.0±5.7)years.The married,primiparity and having a educational background of junior college and above accounted for 98.3%,54.0%and 53.9%,respectively.The average score of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the postpartum women was(45.3±12.3).The results of multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that the score of maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy was higher in postpartum women without current breast disease(B=2.08,P=0.036),with previous experience of breastfeeding(B=3.62,P<0.001),obtaining breastfeeding guidance or experience from family members(B=3.20,P=0.001),acquiring breastfeeding support from husband(B=5.87,P=0.001)and gaining first breastfeeding assistance from medical professionals within 30 minutes after delivery(B=3.02,P=0.003).Conclusions Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy of the postpartum women may be associated with their health status,breastfeeding experience,social support and maternal breastfeeding health services.It is necessary to provide extensive social support for the postpartum women and enhance the supply of maternal breastfeeding health services so as to improve maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy and promote breastfeeding.