汉语方言空间性状的时间映射特质研究

The Mapping Idiosyncrasies of Time Metaphor of Spatial Dimension Adjectives Denoting the Nature and State in Chinese Dialects

基于量化数据,探究汉语方言空间性状的时间映射特质,包括共性和个性限制条件、映射等级、认知理据三个方面。空间性状的时间映射是指空间维度形容词所表征的性质和状态有条件地跨域表征时间范畴。时间映射的共性限制条件包括维度限制、轴向限制、方向限制和正负向限制四类。个性限制条件包括特定情况下正向负向选择的相对性和同类空间性状选择的差异性两类。基于量化数据、共性和个性限制条件,进而构建时间映射等级。时间映射的认知理据主要与认知主体基于世界百科知识构建隐喻相似性的数量和类型有关。

Based on the quantitative data,this paper probes into the mapping idiosyncrasies of time metaphors of spatial dimension adjectives denoting the nature and state in Chinese dialects,which consist of the common and specific constraints,the mapping hierarchy,and the cognitive motivation.The mapping of time metaphors refers to the operation that the adjectives represent time category under some conditions.The common constraints include the four aspects of the dimension,i.e.,axis,direction and positive and negative semantic polarity.The specific constraints consist of the relativity of choosing the positive and negative semantic polarity owing to specific conditions,and the differences of selecting the similar spatial categories.On the basis of the quantitative data and the above-mentioned constraints,the mapping hierarchy is put forward.The cognitive motivation is mainly concerned with the number and type of the cognizers’establishing metaphorical similarities based on the encyclopedic knowledge.