基于数据挖掘技术研究中医药治疗儿童哮喘用药规律

TCM Medication Regularity of Bronchial Asthma in Children Based on Data Mining Technology

目的:基于数据挖掘技术分析中医药治疗儿童支气管哮喘的用药特点和组方规律,为临床儿童哮喘辨证论治提供理论依据。方法:检索1988—2018年中国知网、万方数据服务平台、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中以中医药治疗儿童哮喘的文献,筛选符合标准的文献,构建儿童哮喘方药数据库,进行频数统计、关联规则分析、系统聚类分析。结果:共纳入1040首方药,统计发现发作期中热性哮喘证、缓解期中肺脾气虚证分布较多;共涉及药物292味,高频药物50味,分别为为麻黄、苦杏仁、甘草;药物使用以化痰止咳平喘类、补虚类、解表类、清热类为主;药味以苦、辛、甘为主;药性以温、寒、平为主;药物归经以肺、脾、胃、心、肝、肾为主;关联规则分析得出二项关联规则25条,三项关联规则40条,四项关联规则12条;系统聚类分析得出药组8对。结论:中医药治疗儿童哮喘重视苦温、苦寒燥湿祛痰,辛温宣肺散邪,辛开苦降调节气机升降。治法以化痰平喘、宣肺疏表、温肺化饮、清肺止咳、补益肺脾肾为主,久病夹虚入络,当配伍祛风祛瘀通络之品。

Objective:To analyzes the TCM medication regularity of bronchial asthma in children based on data mining technology,thus to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of bronchial asthma in the children.Methods:The literatures on treatment of bronchial asthma in children with Chinese medicine were retrieved from the databases of CNKI,Wanfang Data Service Platform,VIP Database and China Biomedical Literature Database from 1988 to 2018.The literatures that met the inclusion criteria were screened out to construct the database for frequency statistics,association rule analysis and cluster analysis.Results:A total of 1,040 prescriptions were included.The statistics showed that the syndrome of heat asthma in the attack period and the syndrome of qi-deficiency of Lung and Spleen were commonly seen.The prescriptions involved a total of 292 herbs,among which 50 herbs,such as ephedra,bitter almond and licorice,were used with high-frequency.Herbs with the actions of resolving phlegm,relieving cough,relieving asthma,replenishing phlegm,releasing the exterior and clearing heat were used mostly;the tastes of the herbs were mainly bitter,pungent and sweet;the features of the herbs were mainly warm,cold and mild;the meridians that the herbs went into were the meridians of Lung,Spleen,Stomach,Heart,Liver and Kidney.The association rule analysis resulted in 25 association rules of two items,40 association rules of three items and 12association rules of four items.The system cluster analysis showed 8 pairs of herb groups.Conclusion:TCM treatment for bronchial asthma in children pays attention to the compatibility of bitter taste and warm feature,bitter taste and cold feature,pungent taste and warm feature,as well as pungent and bitter taste combination.The treatment principles were mainly resolving dampness to relieve asthma,dispersing Lung to release the exterior,warming Lung to resolving retained morbid fluid,clearing Lung to stop coughing,tonifying Lung,Spleen and Kidney.Herbs with actions of expelling wind,removing blood stasis and activating blood vessels were also used for the protracted diseases.