中美制造业参与全球价值链分工程度与地位分析——兼论中美贸易摩擦对中国价值链分工的影响

An Analysis of the Degree and Status of China and the United States Manufacturing Industry Participating in the Global Value Chain:On the Impact of Sino-US Trade Friction on China′s Value Chain Division

随着全球经济进入以生产过程分节化和中间品贸易为主要特征的全球价值链时代,制造业正在成为一些大国参与全球产业分工、争夺产业链、价值链高端的角力场。本文对2000-2014年中美两国制造业行业参与全球价值链(GVC)分工程度及分工地位进行对比分析,发现中国制造业参与GVC分工地位指数总体小于美国同期值,美国制造业在GVC分工中处于相对上游环节,这与中国制造业后向参与GVC分工程度较高相一致。与美国相比,中国在全球价值链分工中不具竞争优势,中美贸易摩擦对双方GVC分工都有着不同程度的影响。中国需加快受制产业的自主创新步伐,积极推进出口市场多元化,重点加强与“一带一路”沿线国家的合作。

With the global economy entering the era of global value chain characterized by segmented production process and intermediate goods trade,manufacturing industry is becoming a competitive field for some big countries to participate in global industrial division,compete for industrial chain and high-end value chain.This paper makes a comparative analysis of the degree and position of manufacturing industry′s participation in global value chain(GVC)division of labor between China and the United States from 2000 to 2014.It is found that the index of Chinese manufacturing industry′s participation in GVC division of labor is generally lower than that of the United States in the same period,and the U.S.manufacturing industry is in a relatively upstream link in GVC division of labor,which is consistent with the higher degree of Chinese manufacturing industry′s backward participation in GVC division of labor.Compared with the United States,China does not have a competitive advantage in the division of global value chain.The trade friction between China and the United States has different effects on the division of GVC.China should accelerate the pace of independent innovation,actively promote diversification of export markets,and focus on strengthening cooperation with the countries along the“Belt and Road”.