中国与金砖国家贸易利益与分工研究——基于2000-2014年贸易数据的分析

Research on Trade Interests and Division of Labor between China and BRICs:An Analysis based on Trade Data in 2000-2014

基于总贸易核算法和WIOD数据,本文从增加值贸易视角考察中国与其他金砖国家的贸易利益与全球价值链(GVC)分工地位,并通过垂直专业化结构讨论了贸易利益与分工地位存在的关系。研究表明:2000-2014年中国对金砖国家出口中的贸易利益占比和GVC分工地位均呈现出“V”型的变化趋势,中国主要处于GVC分工的下游环节,在与其他金砖国家贸易中处于相对不利的贸易利益分配地位;中国处于较低GVC分工地位的原因在于通过“加工贸易”模式参与GVC分工,主要以劳动密集型制造业为典型,导致中国的贸易获利能力相对较弱;俄罗斯和巴西的贸易获利能力有所加强,并处于相对较高的分工地位,印度的贸易获利能力和分工地位均有所下降。因此,与金砖国家贸易合作对中国在GVC分工体系下提升贸易获利能力和分工地位产生了积极作用。

Based on the total trade accounting method and wiod data,this paper examines the trade interests of China and other BRICs countries and the division status of global value chain(GVC)from the perspective of value-added trade,and discusses the relationship between trade interests and division status through vertical specialization structure.The results show that:from 2000 to 2014,China′s share of trade interests in BRICs exports and GVC′s division of labor show a“V”trend.China is mainly in the downstream link of GVC′s division of labor and is in a relatively disadvantageous position in trade interests distribution with other BRICs countries;the reason why China is in a lower position of GVC division of labor is that it participates in GVC division of labor through the mode of“processing trade”,mainly taking labor-intensive manufacturing industry as a typical example,which leads to the relatively weak trade profitability of China;the trade profitability of Russia and Brazil has been strengthened,and is in a relatively high position of division of labor,and the trade profitability and division of labor of India have declined.Therefore,trade cooperation with BRICs countries has played a positive role in improving China′s trade profitability and division status under the GVC division system.