热带和温带玉米对干旱的形态生理应答

Differential responses of morphology and physiology in tropical and temperature maize to drought stress

以热带和温带玉米自交系为材料,设置干旱和正常处理,检测玉米自交系的主要形态生理指标,分析干旱胁迫下玉米自交系的主要生物学特性及其逆境应答差异.结果表明:干旱胁迫下玉米自交系的株高、可见叶数、总叶面积、茎粗、植株鲜重、根体积和叶绿素含量程度不同地下降,5个温带玉米自交系的株高、可见叶数、总叶面积、茎粗、植株鲜重、根体积和叶绿素含量与对照(CK)间的差异显著;过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量呈上升趋势,温带玉米自交系较热带玉米自交系的上升幅度大;干旱条件下10个自交系的4个叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm,ΦPSII,QP一致下降,5个温带玉米自交系的4个叶绿素荧光参数极显著下降.上述结果表明,热带种质的耐旱性高于温带种质,可利用热带种质培育耐旱玉米品种.

Morphological and biological traits of ten tropic and temperate maize inbred lines were tested under both drought stress and control conditions in order to analyze their differential responses in morphology and physiology to drought.The results showed that plant height,numbers of visible leaves,total leaf area,stem diameter,plant fresh matter weight,root volume as well as chlorophyll content of ten maize inbred lines decreased to some degrees,and reductions in these traits were significant when compared with the corresponding checks(CK).On the contrary,the five physiological parameters such as POD,SOD,MDA,soluble carbohydrate as well as soluble protein content increased,and greater increases occurred in the five temperate maize lines in response to drought.Under drought conditions,the four chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,including Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm,ΦPSII and QP,also reduced with significant differences in the temperate maize lines in comparison with CK.This indicated that the drought-tolerance of tropical maize germplasm was higher than that of temperate germplasm.Thus,it is possible to breed maize varieties tolerant to drought from the tropical maize germplasm.