包头地区疑似存在过敏性因素耳鼻咽喉疾病的变应原分析

Analysis of suspected allergic factors of otorhinolaryngology in Baotou region

目的:通过敏筛定量过敏原检测系统分析包头地区疑似存在过敏性因素耳鼻咽喉疾病的变应原检测结果,了解其常见变应原分布规律和疾病种类特征。方法:应用德国Mediwiss公司敏筛变应原检测系统(Allergy Screen)对1 204例疑似过敏性因素参与的耳鼻咽喉疾病患者行变应原检测。根据性别、年龄、病程及全年过敏谱,了解变应原的分布特征。结果:(1)包头地区疑似过敏性因素参与耳鼻咽喉疾病最常见吸入性变应原前3位依次为杂草花粉、树木花粉、霉菌类;主要的食入性变应原前3位依次为肉类、坚果类、海鲜类。(2)吸入性、食入性单一及多重变应原随年龄增长阳性比例均有下降。不同性别间差异无统计学意义。(3)包头地区可疑过敏性因素参与的耳鼻咽喉疾病占前10位的是鼻炎、鼻窦炎、咽炎、腺样体肥大、外耳道炎、分泌性中耳炎、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征、喉炎、慢性扁桃体炎、鼓膜炎。(4)急性组、慢性组与对照组阳性结果比较,差异有统计学意义;急性组与慢性组比较,差异无统计学意义。(5) 2014年至2016年各月平均值吸入性变应原阳性趋势,与包头地区3~6月树木开花、7~9月草开花的季节相吻合,而其他常年性变应原全年无明显波动。过敏性鼻炎、咽炎、鼻窦炎在草花粉、树木花粉高浓度季节明显增加。结论:(1)包头地区的主要变应原与其地域、季节、饮食习惯相关。(2)耳鼻咽喉疾病与变应原相关性较大,应注意对过敏的治疗及预防。

Objective: To analyze allergen detection results in suspected allergic related otorhinolaryngologic diseases in Baotou region with AllergyScreen sensitive screening allergens quantitative detection system and to understands the distribution of common allergens, disease characteristics.Methods: Allergen detection was performed in 1204 patients with suspected allergic related diseases by using Mediwiss allergen screening system(Allergy Screen).To understand the distribution characteristics of allergens according to sex,age,course of disease and annual allergy spectrum.Results:(1) The most common inhalant allergens in suspected allergic related otorhinolaryngologic diseases in Baotou region were weed pollen,tree pollen and mould fungi.The main food allergens were meat,nuts and seafood.(2) The positive rates of Inhalant allergen,Food allergen,single allergen and multiple allergens all decreased with age.There was no statistical difference between different genders.(3) The top 10 suspected allergic related otorhinolaryngologic diseases in Baotou listed as follow: rhinitis,Nasosinusitis,pharyngitis, adenoidal hypertrophy, meatus acustici externi isthmus, secretory otitis media,obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,laryngitis,chronic tonsillitis,and myringitis.(4) The difference of the positive results of allergens was statistically significant between acute group and chronic group compared with control group.There was no significant difference in the positive results of allergens between the acute group and the chronic group.(5) The trend of positive results of inhalant allergens in every month of 2014-2016 coincided with the flowering season of trees in 3-6 months and the flowering season of grass in 7-9 month in Baotou region.Perennial allergens did not fluctuate significantly throughout the year.Allergic rhinitis,pharyngitis,sinusitis in the grass pollen,tree pollen high concentration season significantly increased.Conclusion: The main allergens in Baotou region are related to their regional,seasonal and dietary habits.Otorhinolaryngologic diseases and allergies are related,attention should be paid to the treatment and prevention of allergies.