科研失信行为处理的程序法治规则

The legal procedural rules in dealing with research dishonesty

科研失信行为是在科学研究及其相关活动中发生的违反科研行为规范或准则的行为。科研人员必须在研究工作中恪守科研规范、维护科研诚信,这是所有科研人员必须履行的基本法律义务。一旦科研人员出现科研失信行为,则相关当事人必须被依法追究责任。科研失信行为处理规则既包括实体规则,也包括程序规则,但程序规则构成科研失信行为处理的核心。虽然我国目前已出台大量有关科研诚信建设和科研失信行为处理的法律、法规、规章和规范性文件,但是这些规则由于制定主体的多元而存在“同一问题、不同处理”现象,实践中迫于舆论监督压力而出现的“重效率、轻程序”情形也并非鲜见。科研失信行为处理必须加强程序机制建设,做到调查与处理相分离,优化信息公开与保密制度,建立重大事项听证制度,并通过行政复议与行政诉讼的完善维护相关当事人的合法权益。

Research dishonesty is the behavior that violates the code of conduct or norms in scientific research and related activities.It is the obligation for all researchers to obey the law that they have to act corresponding to the norms and be honest in scientific research.Once research dishonesty appears,the responsibility of relevant persons has to be investigated.Rules for dealing with research dishonesty include substantive rules and procedural rules,and the latter one is the core in dealing with research dishonest activities.At present,China has issued a large number of laws,rules,regulations and normative documents on the construction of scientific research integrity and the treatment of dishonest research,but there are still some problems,for instance,the diverse bodies of formulation creating the phenomenon of"different treatment on the same issue",and"more efficiency rather than procedures"under the pressure of public opinion.Procedural construction has to be strengthened to defend the legitimate rights and interests of relevant parties,such as separating investigation and treatment,upgrading the system of the information disclosure and confidentiality,establishing the system of hearing on major issues,and perfecting the administrative reconsideration and litigation system.