竞争还是稳定:国外科研经费资助方式和结构综述

Competitive or block funding:a literature review of international scientific research funding model and structure

科研经费资助方式作为影响科研效率和科研行为的资源配置手段受到学界的日益关注。本文通过梳理现有国外公共科研经费资助方式和结构的有关文献,从竞争性与稳定性两种资助方式的视角出发,通过分析两种资助方式的特点、原则、发展动向等,比较其对科研效率、质量等方面的机制性影响,总结其各自的优劣势以及适用条件。在此基础上,提出国家科研公共资助体系应是符合国家特色的多种资助模式的灵活组合等结论,意在为中国科研经费管理研究提供参考。

As a mechanism of resource allocation which exerts influence on scientific research efficiency and behavior,the study of funding model for scientific research has gradually gained great attention from the academia.This paper reviews the study of public scientific research funding system and structure in foreign countries up to date,analyses the characteristics,the principle and development trend of funding model from the point of view of competitive as well as block funding.It also compares the two mechanisms in their effects on the scientific efficiency as well as quality of output,and summarizes their advantages,disadvantages and applicable conditions respectively.The paper thus concludes that the establishment of the public scientific research funding system in a country should be flexible combination and application of variable funding model that meets the national requirement.It hopes to provide reference for studying the scientific research funding model in China.