科学治黄方能保障流域生态保护和高质量发展

Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Yellow River Basin are Guaranteed by Scientific Management Methods

黄河流域在我国经济社会发展和生态安全方面具有十分重要的地位,黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展已上升为重大国家战略。水沙关系不协调导致黄河灾害频发,水资源短缺导致黄河流域经济社会与生态保护发展缓慢。为使黄河成为造福人民的幸福河,发挥流域内土地资源、能源资源、矿产资源富集的优势,推动我国未来经济社会高质量发展,必须科学治理黄河。其治理对策主要为:①"两道防线"与生态治河方案相结合,即以"第一道防线"保障"二滩"和"嫩滩"区域的相对稳定性,通过技术研发,达到黄河下游宽河段中水河势稳定控制与特殊洪水行洪相适应的良性治理局面;②尽快上马黄河中游古贤枢纽工程与上游黑山峡水利枢纽工程,构建黄河水沙调控体系的核心构架,真正使全河建立起水沙调控机制,促进生态环境建设与区域经济协调发展,成为增强国民经济高质量发展的内生动力;③实施"川水济黄(南水北调西线)""藏水补川"乃至"藏水济黄"工程,破解水资源这个黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的最大刚性约束,支撑黄河治理和流域生态保护以及高质量发展的可持续性。

The Yellow River(YR) basin has a vital status in China’s economic and social development and ecological security. Although the ecological protection and high-quality development of the YR basin has been risen to be a major national strategy, disasters frequently occurred in the YR due to the uncoordinated relationship between water and sediment in the YR and the economic and social development and ecological protection in the YR basin are also slow due to lack of water. In order to make the YR to be a beneficial river to people, and exploit the advantages of rich land resources, energy resources and ore resources in the YR basin to the full and promote China’s high-quality development of economy and society in the future, we need to manage the YR scientifically. The main management methods are as follows: a) combine "the two boundaries mode" and the ecological management mode, which means using "the first boundary" to protect the relative stability of "the floodplains" and "the newly-formed floodplains" and achieve the benign management situation of the coadaptation of stream line stability under normal flood regime and specific floods conveyance in the wide reaches of the Lower Yellow River by technology research and development;b) in order to build the core frame of the water and sediment regulation system in the YR, truly establish the water and sediment regulation mechanism along the whole reaches of the YR and promote the coordinated development of ecological environment construction and regional economy, the Guxian Project on the Middle Yellow River and the Heishanxia Project on the Upper Yellow River, which can become endogenous powers to enhance the high-quality development of the national economy, need to be constructed as soon as possible;c) implement "the water transfer from Sichuan to YR and the water transfer from Tibet to Sichuan" and even "the water transfer from Tibet to YR" projects to overcome the biggest obstacle on ecological protection and high-quality development in the YR basin and support the sustainability of the YR management and ecological protection and high-quality development in the YR basin.