国际城市及遗产地洪水风险管理的启示

Flood Risk Management in International Cities and Heritage Sites and Its Revelation

遗产地的洪水灾害风险管理属于区域、城市洪水风险管理中的重要内容,应以健全的洪水风险管理体系为基础,探索针对遗产地的洪水灾害风险管理。通过文献综述和案例研究的方法,梳理近年来英国、荷兰等典型国家洪水风险管理体系及洪水风险分析与评估方法,总结自上而下的多级管理体制、工程与非工程措施相结合、灾后应对与灾前预防相结合的发展趋势;通过荷兰多德雷赫特、意大利威尼斯等遗产地实例,论证洪水风险管理与风险分析的重要性、管理体系和技术方法,特别是通过空间规划、应急管理、风险分析、公众参与等提升综合防洪能力,为我国城市防洪减灾的管理、遗产地洪水风险评估体系的构建以及多级防洪措施的制定提供启示与借鉴。

The flood disaster risk management of the heritage sites is an important part of the regional and urban flood risk management system, and should be explored based on a sound flood risk management system. Through literature review and case study, it combed the flood risk management systems, flood risk analysis and assessment methods of typical countries such as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in recent years, summarized the development trend such as top-down and multi-level management system, combination of engineering and non-engineering measures, post-disaster response and pre-disaster prevention. Through the cases of heritage sites, Dordrecht in the Netherlands and Venice in Italy and other cases, the importance, management and technical methods of flood risk management in heritage sites were demonstrated, especially through comprehensive planning, emergency management, risk analysis, and public participation. It could provide reference for the management of urban flood control and disaster mitigation, the construction of flood risk assessment system and the formulation of multi-level flood control measures for heritage sites in China.