区域气候模式CWRF对东亚冬季风气候特征的模拟

Climatological Characteristics of the East Asian Winter Monsoon Simulated by CWRF Regional Climate Model

利用1979-2016年欧洲中期天气预报中心的ERA-Interim大气再分析资料及美国国家海洋和大气管理局的ERSSTv4海表面温度资料驱动区域气候模式CWRF,对东亚冬季风气候特征进行模拟和评估。结果表明:CWRF模式能够较好地再现东亚冬季风环流的平均特征,包括低层大陆冷高压的位置、中心强度以及高低层风场的变化特征,对北风出现区域和频率的模拟也与再分析资料的结果相符。该模式模拟的中国地区的气温、降水分布与观测基本一致,水汽输送也与再分析资料吻合,来自孟加拉湾的水汽为华南降水所需的水分起着至关重要的作用。对视热源和视水汽汇的模拟结果表明,模式较好地模拟出了东亚大陆与邻近海域的热力差异。分析结果均表明,区域气候模式CWRF具备模拟东亚冬季风主要特征的能力。

Based on the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis data from the European Medium-Term Weather Forecast Center from 1979 to 2016 and the ERSSTv4 sea surface temperature data from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,the regional climate model CWRF was used to simulate the climate characteristics in East Asia. The results show that the CWRF model can well reproduce the average characteristics of the East Asian winter monsoon circulation,including the location and intensity of the low-level continental cold high pressure and variation characteristics of wind field in high and low levels. The occurrence area and frequency of the north wind in the simulation and the reanalysis data were further calculated and compared. It is shown that they are basically consistent. The distribution of air temperature and precipitation over China are well represented by the model. The water vapor transport is also in good agreement with the reanalysis data. The water vapor from the Bay of Bengal plays a vital role in the precipitation over South China. The simulation results of apparent heat source and apparent moisture sink show that the model can well simulate the thermal difference between the East Asian continent and the adjacent sea area. The analysis results indicate that CWRF model has the ability to simulate the main characteristics of the East Asian winter monsoon.