征地补偿与农村减贫

Land Expropriation Compensation and Rural Poverty Alleviation

征地后农业收入及土地权益的减少会阻碍农户家庭经济水平的提高,但征地补偿的存在可以扩大农户生产经营的可选集,为持续提高农户家庭经济水平,促进农村减贫提供了必要前提。基于中国家庭收入调查中2013年的农村住户数据,文章设立了以家庭财富为基础的农户经济水平的衡量指标,并建立三元联合分布计量模型,在处理了内生性问题的基础上研究了征地和征地补偿对农户贫困的影响。研究发现,征地过程中减贫效应起主要作用,征地能够显著增加农户财富,促进农村减贫。征地的减贫效应存在异质性:征用宅基地形式下的减贫效应最为显著,征用耕地时效果则会下降;不同补偿方式下的减贫效应存在差异,资金补偿和非资金补偿组合下的征地减贫效应最强,而单独资金补偿的减贫效应最弱;征地减贫效应在东部地区、市场化水平较高的情况下及高财富农户中更加明显。处理效应结果表明资金补偿和非资金补偿的组合能够为农户带来最多的财富收益,具体为233578.8元。最后文章还检验了征地的影响机制,发现征地补偿是征地减贫效应的重要实现途径之一,但不是唯一途径,补偿在征地的减贫效应中起部分中介作用,其效应所占比重约为59.5%。文章结论表明政府征地不仅有助于国家现代化建设,还具有促进农户减贫,推动农村发展的作用。

Although the Chinese economy has experienced rapid development after the reform and opening,the poverty problem still exists,especially in rural areas.Rural poverty is a major problem that cannot be ignored.In order to solve the rural poverty,it is necessary to pay attention to the daily life of farmers.In the past few years,with the increasing demand for construction land in China,land expropriation has gradually entered the lives of farmers and has become a major event affecting their lives.The impact of land expropriation on farmers has two sides.Firstly,the reduction of agricultural income and land rights and interests after land expropriation will hinder the improvement of the economic level of farmers.At the same time,the existence of compensation for land expropriation has expanded the optional set of production and management of farmers,providing a necessary precondition for improving farmers’living standard and promoting poverty alleviation of rural areas.Therefore,the total effect of land expropriation on farmers’poverty depends on the relative size of two effects.Based on the rural household income data in the Chinese Household Income Project in 2013,this paper sets a standard of the economic level of farmers based on family wealth,and explores the impact of land expropriation and compensation on the poverty of farmers by a Ternary Joint Distribution Econometric Model,which dealt with the endogeneity problem.We find that:the poverty alleviation effect plays a major role in the process of land expropriation,it can increase the wealth of farmers and promote poverty alleviation in rural areas.The poverty alleviation effect of land expropriation has heterogeneity.The form of land expropriation will affect the poverty alleviation effect,in which the poverty alleviation effect of homestead expropriation is most significant,while the effect of arable land expropriation will be reduced.There are differences in the poverty alleviation effects of land expropriation under different compensation.The effect of financial compensation is relatively poor,while obtaining financial compensation and non-financial compensation together can promote poverty alleviation significantly.Besides,the poverty alleviation effect is more obvious in the eastern region,at higher marketization levels and among high wealth farmers.The result of treatment effect shows that the combination of financial compensation and non-financial compensation can bring the most wealth benefits to farmers,which is about 233578.8 yuan.Finally,this paper also investigates the influence mechanism of poverty alleviation effect of land expropriation,and finds that land expropriation compensation plays a partial mediation role in the poverty alleviation and its effect accounts for about 59.5%.Compensation is not the only way to achieve poverty alleviation.The conclusion of this paper shows that government’s land expropriation not only contributes to the urbanization and modernization in China,but also promotes farmers’poverty alleviation and improves rural development.Besides,these findings also have important implications for land expropriation compensation policy in China.In order to maximize the poverty alleviation effect,the government can increase the proportion of non-financial compensation and raise compensation standards for poor farmers and the central and western regions.