1969年后马来西亚大学的马来化

The Malaynisation of the Universities in Malaysia since 1969

1969年"五一三事件"后至1990年新经济政策终止,马来西亚大学经历了一个以新建运动为起点,马来至上国族论述为之理论基础,以扶弱行动、教学语言、课程与人事为主要路径,以政府的高等教育集权管控为其权力制度保证的马来化过程。在高度马来化的马来西亚大学,不仅马来人占据学生与教职员、领导与管理者的主体部分,马来人的利益需求更属于各项教育活动的优先选项。1990年后,马来西亚国内族群关系趋于缓和及至更加包容和开放,大学的入学族群配额制也被适时废除,代之以绩效制,但后者在教育机会的公平性方面仍缺乏实质性的变革,马来西亚大学仍未脱离马来化的轨道。

Universities in Malaysia were malaynised with a wave of new universities to be established in that period as a starting point from the racial riot of May 13 in 1969 to the end of New Economic Policy in 1990. This Malaynisation took Malay-dominated nationalism as its theoretical foundation, followed with initiatives involving affirmative actions, medium of instruction, courses and personnel arrangements. The process was further guaranteed with the centralised power of UMNO government. In a Malaynised university, with Malays being the dominant part of students and staff, as well as school leadership, the interests of Malays became the priority of every aspect on campus. After 1990, the quota system for university admission was replaced by the system of meritocracy, with more tolerant inter-ethnic relations. The meritocracy, however, was not so functional as expected in terms of equity of educational opportunities. This research concluded that universities in Malaysia have not yet been off the way of Malaynisation initiated in 1969.