尿蛋白及尿隐血在运动训练中的出现及应用价值

Appearance and application value of urinary protein and urinary occult blood in sports training

目的分析江苏省5个运动队的部分一线运动员晨尿的尿蛋白及尿隐血指标,防止运动员训练过度疲劳。方法选择江苏省5个运动项目(自行车队、游泳队、蹦床队、击剑队、羽毛球队)的216名在训一线运动员作为研究对象,分别选取运动员备战全运会前一周晨尿作为日常训练期样本,全运会集训一周后晨尿作为集训期样本,采用全自动尿液分析仪对两个时期的运动员尿液进行化学成分测定,分析各运动队出现运动性蛋白尿/血尿的阳性率和相关原因。结果集训期运动员蛋白尿/血尿检出率明显高于日常训练期〔28.24%(61/216)比2.31%(5/216)〕,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5个运动队中,蹦床队蛋白尿/血尿检出率最高,击剑队检出率最低,两者比较差异有统计学意义〔40.35%(23/57)比17.65%(11/51),P<0.05〕,其他各队之间检出率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论运动性蛋白尿/血尿与运动员训练水平有一定关系,可利用尿液检查判断运动员机体适应能力,科学合理安排训练。

Objective To analyze the albuminuria/hematuria in morning urine of first-line athletes of five sports teams in Jiangsu Province,so as to prevent over fatigue in sports training.Methods The 216 athletes from five sports teams (cycling,swimming,trampoline,fencing and badminton teams) of Jiangsu Province were selected.The morning urine of 1 week before training for National Games was selected as routine samples,and that of 1 week after training for National Games was selected as training samples.The urine in the two periods was determined by the automatic urine analyzer.The positive rate and related causes of exercise-induced albuminuria/hematuria in all sports teams were analyzed.Results The detection rate of albuminuria/hematuria in training period was significantly higher than that in routine period [28.24% (61/216) vs.2.31% (5/216)],with significant difference (P < 0.05).Among the five teams,trampoline team has the highest detection rate of albuminuria/hematuria,fencing team has the lowest rate,with significant difference [40.35% (23/57) vs.17.65% (11/51),P < 0.05].The detection rates of other teams had no statistically significant difference (all P > 0.05).Conclusions There is a certain relationship between exercise-incuced albuminuria/hematuria and training level.Urine examination can be used to judge athletes’ adaptability and arrange training scientifically and reasonably.