人力资本、政治资本与农村劳动力非农就业

Human Capital,Political Capital and Off-farm Employment in Rural China

本文使用具有全国代表性的5省25县100村2000户中国农村发展长期跟踪调查数据,实证研究了人力资本(教育)以及政治资本(家中是否有人担任村干部)对农村劳动力非农就业的影响。研究发现:2004-2015年期间,教育对农村劳动力非农就业及外出就业均有促进作用,且教育对女性劳动力非农就业的影响要大于男性。政治资本虽然能够促进农村劳动力(尤其是男性劳动力)非农就业,但这种影响在逐年下降。政治资本也使得农村劳动力更可能从事本地非农工作。政府应该继续增加对农村地区教育资源的投入,促进农村劳动力人力资本的提升。同时,也应该致力对农村提供更多的就业信息,减少农村劳动力市场中信息不对称以及劳动力资源配置扭曲现象的发生。

Using panel data from China Rural Development Survey,with a nationally representative sample of 2000 rural households in 100 villages among 5 provinces,this paper explores the effect of human capital(education)and political capital(whether a family has a member being local cadre)on off-farm employment for rural labor.The results indicate that education has significantly positive effect on off-farm employment and migration in 2004-2015.Education especially promotes off-farm employment for females.Meanwhile,having village cadres within families increases the likelihood of off-farm employment for males,even though the effect has been gradually diminishing.Having cadre connection makes it more likely to engage in local off-farm work.Thus,government should keep adding resources into rural education as well as providing more employment information in these areas,therefore correcting information asymmetry and distortion of labor resource allocation in the rural labor market.