中国欠发达地区农户福利的多维度考察:基于劳动力流动的视角

Rural Household Welfare in the Underdeveloped Areas in China:From the Perspective of Labor Mobility

本文基于阿马蒂亚·森的可行能力理论,利用2014年和2016年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)项目中欠发达地区的数据,测算了农户福利指数并检验了劳动力流动对欠发达地区农村家庭多维度福利的影响。研究发现:劳动力流动能显著提高农户的综合福利,与此同时,劳动力流动对不同维度农户福利的影响存在差异。劳动力流动对家庭经济情况、社会保障、主观心理条件、少儿抚育和老人赡养五个福利维度产生了正效应,而劳动力流动对于家庭关系和闲暇福利两个维度却产生了负效应。值得关注的是,省内流动及省外流动对农户福利的影响不同,且省内务工家庭的福利水平高于省外务工家庭,出省务工对少儿抚育和老人赡养的影响显著为负。因此,应促进劳动力合理流动、健全农村社会保障体系和提高农户生活质量,从而使欠发达地区多维度的农户福利水平得到改善。

Based on the feasible capability theory of Amartya Sen,this paper uses data from China Family Panel Survey(CFPS)in 2014 and 2016 to create welfare index for farmers and examine the effect of labor mobility on multi-dimensional welfare of rural families in the underdeveloped areas.The results show that labor mobility can significantly improve the overall welfare of farmers,and labor mobility affects different welfare dimensions quite differently.The welfare dimensions that are positively affected by labor mobility include family economic condition,social security,psychological wellbeing,child care,and elderly support,while labor mobility has negative effects on family relations and leisure welfare.It should be noted that the impact on welfare is different between inter-province and within-province labor mobility.Overall,within-province migrant workers have higher welfare than those working outside provinces,particularly on the dimensions of child care and elderly support.We should maintain a reasonable flow of labor,improve rural social security system and improve the quality of life of farmers in the underdeveloped areas.