农业水价政策对农户种植结构的影响——以新疆地区为例

The Impact of Agricultural Water Pricing Reform on Farmers’Planting Structure:A Case Study from Xinjiang,China

为了缓解用水危机,提高用水效率,中国正在推进农业水价综合改革,试图建立以水权交易为核心的水价制度。本文根据作物的亩均灌溉用水量将作物划分为高耗水作物和低耗水作物,利用新疆天山北麓5县(含2个团场和3个县)的农户调查数据,对比分析实施统一水价、阶梯水价、水权交易水价3种水价政策区域内农户的种植结构,探索农民在不同水价政策下的种植决策,并进一步验证价格信号对农户种植选择的影响。研究发现,由于水费收取方式和水价不同,实施不同的水价政策对农户的种植结构产生了不同的影响。与其他水价政策相比,水权交易水价更能促使农户选择更为节水的作物。不同水价政策下水的定价是影响农户选择种植结构的关键要素,当农户灌溉用水的机会成本增加时,他们会增加低耗水作物的种植比例。每亩低价水定额对农户选择种植低耗水作物有非线性的影响,当每亩低价水定额超过一定数量时,定额进一步增加会导致农户减少种植低耗水作物。

Based on the survey data collected from farmers in 5 counties in Xinjiang,this article investigates the effects of water pricing policies(i.e.,uniform pricing,tiered pricing,and water rights trading pricing)on farmers’planting structures.According to the irrigation water consumption per unit,the crops in this study are divided into high-water-consumption and low-water-consumption crops.The results show that the changes in agricultural planting structure are mainly caused by the different water pricing policies.Compared with other policies,water rights trading pricing can stimulate farmers to choose more water-saving crops.When the opportunity cost of irrigation water increases,farmers will increase the proportion of low-water-consumption crops.The low-price water quota per mu has a non-linear effect on farmers’choice of planting low-water-consumption crops.When the low-price water quota per mu exceeds a certain amount,a further increase in the quota will lead farmers to reduce the cultivation of low-water-consuming crops.