黔东南“苗疆”习惯法中的神判方式

A Study on the Way of Divine Judgment in the Customary Law of the Miao Area in Southeast Guizhou

习惯法中的神判是早期黔东南"苗疆"人们解决无证据纠纷的有效手段之一,在缺乏科学检测方式、无法获得有效证据的条件下,充分利用人们虔诚的宗教信仰,即"鬼神能洞察人的一切行为""鬼神将会惩罚人类的一切邪恶""鬼神是不能被欺骗的"的心理意识以裁决无法获得有效证据的纠纷。这对维护当时社会的和谐稳定,弥补侦查科学技术和国家法律的不足等具有极其重要的意义。深入研究黔东南习惯法中神判方式,不仅可以帮助后人认知黔东南"苗疆"发展的历史进程,而且对发掘和研究"苗疆"优秀的民族文化,探讨习惯法与国家法融合与对接及苗族习惯法的历史演变具有重要价值。

The divine judgment in the customary law is an effective means to solve the disputes without evidence in the Miao area of Southeast Guizhou in the early years.In the absence of scientific testing methods and effective evidence,we can make full use of people’s devout religious beliefs,that is,"ghosts and gods can see all human behaviors","ghosts and gods will punish all human evils",and "ghosts and gods can’t be deceived".The psychological consciousness can be used to adjudicate disputes that can’t obtain effective evidence.This is of great significance to maintaining the harmony and stability of the society at that time,and to making up for the shortcomings of investigation science and technology and national laws.A thorough study of the way of divine judgment in the customary law of southeast Guizhou will help future generations to understand the historical development process of "Miao area" in southeast Guizhou;moreover,it is of great value to explore and study the excellent national culture of Miao nationality,to discuss the integration and connection of customary law and national law,and to explore the historical evolution of customary law of Miao nationality.