论安置教育制度的废除--对《反恐法》第30条的质疑

On the Abolition of the System of the Aftercare Education:Reflections on the Thirtieth Article of the Anti-Terrorism Law

安置教育不是我国的刑事处罚或行政处罚,而是类似于我国劳动教养、收容教育性质的行政强制措施。安置教育是劳动教养、收容教育制度的继续,其凸显了劳动教养、收容教育制度严重侵害公民人身自由、违反诸多劳动教养、收容教育曾经违反的法律原则等重大缺陷。安置教育制度因与《反恐法》终极价值目标相悖,可能会导致愈反愈恐、导致反恐机关权力寻租以及人身危险性标准难以把握等问题出现,从而不利于反恐法的立法目的的实现。安置教育制度设置存在立法价值偏差、立法思想错误运用以及反恐方法本末倒置等不足。安置教育制度废除后,弥补措施应当包括防止违反法的价值的法律规范再现,并运用刑罚、安置帮助教育等措施弥补因安置教育废除带来的空白。

The aftercare education is not the criminal penalty or administrative penalty in our country,but similar to the administrative coercive measures implemented by labor-based reeducation or the detainment education. The system of the aftercare education is a continuation of the administrative coercive measures,which would help find out the defects of the administrative coercive measures which might seriously infringe upon the citizens’ freedom of life,or violation of legal principles,etc. The aftercare education system is not conducive to the realization of the legislative purpose of the anti-terrorism law,because it is contrary to the ultimate value goal of anti-terrorism law,or it may not avoid more and more terrorism,or it may lead to rent-seeking of anti-terrorism organs. There are some theoretical errors in the mechanism of aftercare education,such as deviation of legislative value,wrong legislative ideas and incorrect application of anti-terrorism methods. Temporary measures such as the prevention of the violation of relevant laws or proper penalties or other educational means should be taken to avoid the vacancy incurred by the abolition of the system of aftercare education.