出口是否影响了城市的能源效率?--基于中国281个城市的实证研究

Can Export Influence the City’s Productivity of Energy? Based on the Empirical Study of 281 Cities in China

运用包含非期望产出的DEA-SBM方法,测算了中国281个地级及以上城市的能源效率,并进一步考察了出口对城市能源效率的影响。研究发现,出口显著地促进了城市能源效率的提升,这一效应在标准煤与电力消耗指标的检验中是一致的。对子样本的研究发现,中低收入城市、大型城市、沿海城市和资源型城市的出口增长对能源效率的促进作用更大。此外,还证实了出口可通过技术效应和结构效应影响城市能源效率。技术效应表明,出口可以通过提升研发技术与污染处理技术促进城市能源效率提升。结构效应表明,不同出口结构对能源效率的影响存在差异:一般贸易条件下的出口对城市能源效率的促进作用要大于加工贸易,民营企业、外资企业出口对城市能源效率的促进作用要大于国有企业。

This paper applies DEA-SBM method with undesired output to calculate the energy productivity of 281 cities at prefecture level and above in China,and further explores the effect of export on productivity of energy.We find that export improves the city’s productivity of energy remarkably which is consistent in the test of standard coal and electricity consumption indicators.The sub-sample test reveals that the export growth of cities with low and middle income,a large number of people,located in coastal areas and resource-based play a greater role in promoting energy productivity.This paper also proves that export can affect a city’s energy productivity through technological and structural effects.Technological effects show that exports can promote energy productivity by improving technology of R&D and pollution treatment.Structural effects show that export structures have impacts on energy productivity significantly:exports from ordinary trade have greater positive impact on a city’s energy efficiency than processing trade,exports from private and foreign enterprises have greater positive impact than state-owned enterprises.