土地利用变化影响下湘西自治州景观格局的时空演变

The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Landscape Pattern under the Effects of Land Use Change in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture

定量分析景观格局对土地利用变化的响应,可为区域实现空间高质量发展提供科学依据.以集生态脆弱、集中连片特殊困难、旅游资源丰富于一体的典型区域--湘西自治州为研究对象,基于2000、2005、2010、2015和2018年5期遥感影像数据,综合运用景观指数和普通最小二乘法等,定量分析区域土地利用和景观格局的时空演变规律,探讨土地利用变化对景观格局的影响,揭示人为活动影响下景观格局对土地利用变化的响应特征.研究结果表明:1)开发区和新城区建设等经济社会发展过程中土地利用发生显著变化,其主要特征为耕地和草地转化为建设用地,2000-2018年期间,建设用地面积增加了79.46 km^2,耕地和草地面积分别减少了86.01 km^2和4.6 km^2,但水域和未利用地面积变化不明显;2)湘西自治州景观格局在时间序列上表现出破碎程度上升和聚集程度下降,其中,耕地和草地的破碎化程度上升,林地的破碎化得到有效控制;3)景观格局变化与耕地、林地、未利用地和建设用地的变化具有较强关系,建设用地的扩张增加了整个景观格局的异质性和破碎性;4)经济发展、生态建设、国家战略是湘西自治州林地持续增加、景观格局总体向好发展的根本原因.湘西自治州后续发展中需要更好地协调优化国土空间开发与景观格局之间的关系.

Quantifying the effects of land use on landscape pattern is of importance for providing scientific basis for high-quality spatial development. The Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan Province,which was characterized with fragile ecology,concentrated contiguous special poverty and rich in tourism resources,was chosen as the study object. Based on the remote sensing image data of 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2018,landscape indexes and ordinary least squares were used to study the temporal and spatial patterns of land use and landscape,to analysis the effects of land use on landscape,and to reveal the the response of landscape to land use changes. The following results were obtained: 1) During the economic and social development period,significant changes have been made in land use in the construction of the development zone and new urban districts,etc. One of the main features is that the arable lands and grasslands were turned into development lands. From 2000 to 2018,the area of the development land has increased by 79.46 km^2,while the area of the cultivated land and grassland have decreased by 86.01 km^2 and 4.6 km^2 respectively. And little changes were noticed in water area and unused land. 2) The landscape pattern showed an increasing trend in fragmentation and a decreasing trend in aggregation degree. 3) Strong relationships between landscape pattern and land uses were observed. The expansion of development land increased both the fragmentation and heterogeneity of landscape pattern. 4) Economic development,ecological construction,and national strategy are the main cause of the continuous increasing of forest land and the optimization of landscape pattern. Coordinated optimization of space using and landscape will benefit the follow-up development.