地方高校工科青年教师教学能力提升研究——基于“大工程观”教育理念

The Improvement of Teaching Competences of Young Engineering Teachers in Local Universities——Based on“macro-engineering philosophy of education”

当下,提高高等工程教育质量具有重大意义,它直接决定我国能否实现从高等工程教育大国向强国的转变,在相当程度上决定国家的发展进程和发展质量。提高高等工程教育质量,教师是关键,其中,地方高校工科青年教师是不可或缺的重要主体,提高地方高校工科青年教师教学能力具有直接、显性、现实的价值与作用。提高地方高校工科青年教师教学能力的关键在于教师自身:让教师在思想上重视教学,将提高教学能力转变为教师的自我诉求和行动自觉是根本之道。完成这样的思想转变无疑需要有效的理论指引,在相关的诸多理论中,大工程观教育理念具有重要而独特的价值。大工程观教育理念指明了工程人才培养的要求、目标和价值取向,从工程人才培养角度规制和明确了工科教师的教育能力。大工程观教育理念,耦合工科青年教师学科属性与思维认知,可摆脱惯常的一般意义上的教育理论的弊端,易于被工科青年教师认知,利于激发工科青年教师教学能力提升之源动力。树立和践行“大工程观教育理念”是地方高校工科青年教师教学能力提升的有效进路:不断深化教师角色认同,生成提高教学能力的内生动力;丰富完善知识结构,奠定提升教学能力的理论基础;提高工程实践能力,破除教学能力提升的实践偏误;强化做实校本培训,夯实提高教学能力的外在支撑。当前,为推动我国高等工程教育,政府和高校正在极力推动“新工科”建设,学界对“新工科”研究方兴未艾。实际上,“新工科”提出背景与发展趋向与“大工程观”高度吻合,尤其是“大工程观”教育理念对美国和其它国家工程教育发展起到的巨大推动作用,值得我国在开展“新工科”工作时学习借鉴。因此,在当下研究推行“新工科”,“大工程观”教育理念也应该得到高度重视,它能为“新工科”提供有益的思考和良好的借鉴。

At present,the quality improvement of higher engineering education is of great significance.It determines directly whether China can be turned into a great power in higher engineering education from a major one.It also determines the national development process and quality to considerable degree.Teachers are the key to quality improvement of higher engineering education.Especially,young engineering teachers in local universities are the main body who play an essential role and the improvement of their teaching competences has direct and obvious practical value and effect.The key to improving their teaching competences lies in these teachers themselves.It is vital for them to ideologically attach importance to teaching and turn the improvement of teaching competences into self-requirement and initiative action.Effective theoretical guide is undoubtedly needed to accomplish the ideological transformation.Among various theories,“macro-engineering philosophy of education”is of great and unique value,which elucidates requirements,goals and value orientation of engineering talents training and provides clear requirements for teaching competences.Combined with the discipline attribute and cognition of young engineering teachers,the“macro-engineering philosophy of education”gets rid of malpractices of the educational concepts in general,thus is easier accepted by young engineering teachers and contributes to stimulating their motive to improve teaching competences.Therefore,young engineering teachers in local universities should cultivate and act on the“macro-engineering philosophy of education”,which is proved to be an effective way.To this end,they need to constantly deepen the identity of teacher’s role,engender inherent impetus to improve teaching competences,enrich and perfect knowledge structure,lay a solid theoretical foundation for improvement of teaching competences,promote engineering practical abilities,and correct deviations and errors in practice for teaching improvement,strengthen school-oriented training,and consolidate external support for improving teaching competences.At present,to promote higher engineering education in China,the governments and universities are pushing forward the construction of“new labor and material”.The research on“new labor and material”in academic circles is in the ascendant.Actually the proposition background and development trend of“new labor and material”conform highly with the“macro-engineering philosophy”.Especially the“macro-engineering philosophy”has a great promotive effect on engineering education in U.S.and other countries,which is worth learning when carrying out the work of“new labor and material”in China.For the purpose of pushing forward the current research on“new labor and material”,great importance should also be attached to“macro-engineering philosophy”,which provides helpful thinking and suggestions for“new labor and material”.