纳米酶在生物医学领域的应用

Application of nanozymes in biomedicine fields

过去几十年,纳米颗粒在能源产生、润滑剂添加剂、化学分析和医学成像等领域得到广泛应用。科学家发现,一些纳米材料在生理条件下具有内在的酶模拟特性,例如铁氧化物纳米颗粒具有与天然酶(如过氧化氢酶或过氧化物酶)相似的高催化活性,因此被称为纳米酶。近十年来,这些纳米催化材料已经在一些工业和能源相关领域中应用,并成为天然酶的替代品。纳米酶最初集中应用于工业领域和体外检测,如化学合成、生物分子检测、燃料处理或污染物去除等。近年来,科学界开始尝试将纳米酶应用于医学治疗,包括生物膜破坏、抗氧化、组织再生、肿瘤预防以及抗感染等。作者综述了纳米酶在医学领域的应用,并展望其应用前景。

In the past decades,nanoparticles have been widely used in energy generation,lubricant additives,chemical analysis and medical imaging.Meanwhile,scientists found that some nano materials have inherent enzyme simulation characteristics under physiological conditions,for example,iron oxide nanoparticles have high catalytic activity similar to natural enzymes(such as catalase or peroxidase).Therefore,they were named as nanozymes.In the past decade,these catalytic nanomaterials have been applied in some industrial and energy related field and has been as substitutes for natural enzymes.At first,nanozymes were mainly used in industrial field and in vitro detection,such as chemical synthesis,biomolecular detection,fuel processing or pollutant removal.In recent years,nanozymes has been used in medical field,including biofilm destruction,antioxidation,tissue regeneration,and prevention of tumor or anti-infection.In this paper,the application of nanozymes in biomedical science is reviewed,and its prospect in future is explored.