基于行为分阶段转变理论健康教育模式对婴儿期母乳喂养情况的影响研究

Study on the Effect of the Health Education Model Based on the Behavioral Phased Change Theory on the Breastfeeding in Infancy

目的探讨基于行为分阶段转变理论健康教育模式对婴儿期母乳喂养情况的影响。方法选取陆军军医大学第一附属医院2016年8月至2017年11月收治的符合纳入标准的初产孕妇110例。根据孕妇孕检顺序分为观察组(n=55)和对照组(n=55)。对照组采用常规健康教育;观察组在对照组的基础上采用基于行为分阶段转变理论健康教育模式。收集并分析两组初产孕妇自我效能评分(BSES)、母乳喂养态度、纯母乳喂养率及婴儿断乳情况。结果观察组产后42 d、6个月BSES评分、母乳喂养态度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产后7 d、1、4个月纯母乳喂养率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组婴儿6、9、12个月断乳率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于行为分阶段转变理论健康教育模式能提高孕妇自我效能及母乳喂养态度,提高纯母乳喂养率,延迟1岁婴儿断乳时间,值得临床推广使用。

Objective To explore the effect of the health education model based on the behavioral phased change theory on the breastfeeding in infancy.Methods A total of 110 primiparas admitted to The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University from August of 2016 to November of 2017 and meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into the observation group(n=55)and control group(n=55)according to the sequence of pregnancy examination.The control group received the routine health education,while the observation group was additionally given the health education model based on the behavioral phased change theory on the basis of the routine health education.The breastfeeding self-efficacy scale(BSES)score,breastfeeding attitude,exclusive breastfeeding rate and weaning status of the two groups were collected and analyzed.Results The scores of BSES and breastfeeding attitude at 42 days and 6 months after delivery were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 7 days,1 month and 4 months after delivery were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The weaning rates at 6,9 and 12 months were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The health education model based on the behavioral phased change theory can improve the maternal self-efficacy and breast-feeding attitude and raise the exclusive breastfeeding rate,so it is worthy of clinical promotion.