产妇产后营养知识态度行为的影响因素及与产褥期并发症的相关性

Correlation between the Influencing Factors of Postpartum Nutrition Knowledge and Postpartum Complications

目的分析产妇产后营养知识态度行为的影响因素及与产褥期并发症的相关性,为临床工作提供借鉴资料。方法选取2018年10月~2019年5月我院收治的产后产妇190例为研究对象,采用自制调查问卷收集产妇的一般资料(年龄、文化程度、居住地、分娩孕周、分娩方式、主要照顾者、产后知识来源、喂养方式),评估其产后营养知识态度行为是否合格,分析其影响因素及与产褥期并发症的相关性。结果产妇产后营养知识态度行为合格率为61.6%,现状不容乐观。单因素分析结果显示,产后营养知识态度行为合格与不合格产妇的年龄、文化程度、居住地、分娩孕周、主要照顾者、产后相关知识来源、喂养方式比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,产妇年龄、文化程度、居住地、主要照顾者、产后相关知识来源、喂养方式是产后营养知识态度行为的影响因素。产妇产褥期并发症发生率为31.1%,有并发症的产妇营养知识评分、态度评分、行为评分均显著低于无并发症的产妇(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,产褥期并发症发生与产妇产后营养知识、态度、行为评分呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论产后营养知识态度行为受到产妇年龄、文化程度、居住地、主要照顾者、产后相关知识来源、喂养方式多因素影响,而产褥期并发症发生与产妇产后营养知识态度行为呈负相关,临床应针对相关影响因素采取有效干预措施,改善产妇产后营养知识态度行为,减少产褥期并发症,保证产妇产后安全。

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of postpartum nutrition knowledge,attitude and behavior and correlation with postpartum complications,and provide reference materials for relevant clinical work.Methods 190 cases of postpartum women from October 2018 to May 2019 in our hospital were selected as subjects,the self-made questionnaire was used to collect general information about the mother(age,education,residence place,gestational age,delivery mode,primary caregiver,postpartum knowledge sources,feeding methods),evaluated whether the postpartum nutritional knowledge,attitudes and behaviors were qualified,the influencing factors of postpartum nutrition knowledge,attitude and behavior and correlation with postpartum complications were analyzed by statistical methods.Results The qualified rate of maternal postpartum nutrition knowledge and attitude was 61.6%(117/190),and the current situation was not optimistic.Univariate analysis showed that the postpartum nutritional knowledge,attitude and behavior qualified and unqualified maternal had statistically significant differences in age,education level,residence place,production gestational age,main caregiver,production-related knowledge sources and feeding methods(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that maternal age,education level,residence place,primary caregiver,production-related knowledge sources and feeding methods were the influencing factors of postpartum nutrition knowledge,attitude and behavior.The incidence of complications in maternal puerperium was 31.1%(59/190),and the postpartum nutrition knowledge score,attitude score and behavioral score of maternal with complications were significantly lower than those without complications(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the incidence of postpartum complications was negatively correlated with maternal postpartum nutritional knowledge score,attitude score and behavior score(P<0.05).Conclusion Postpartum nutrition knowledge,attitude and behavior are affected by maternal age,education level,residence place,primary caregiver,production-related knowledge sources and feeding methods.However,complications during puerperium are negatively correlated with maternal postpartum nutrition knowledge and attitude behavior,clinicians should take effective interventions for relevant influencing factors,improve maternal postpartum nutrition knowledge and attitude,reduce complications during puerperium,and ensure maternal postpartum safety.