试论露天博物馆在乡土建筑遗产保护中的利与弊:以比利时伯克雷克露天博物馆为例

The Role of Open-air Museums in Vernacular Architectural Conservation:Case Study of Bokrijk Museum in Belgium

西方关于乡土建筑的研究和露天博物馆的建造均始于19世纪后期,在官方尚未将乡土建筑列为保护类遗产前,露天博物馆是进行乡土建筑遗产保护的重要途径。本文旨在从历史角度分析露天博物馆在乡土建筑遗产保护中的作用,并以比利时伯克雷克露天博物馆为例进行阐述——首先介绍了西方关于乡土建筑保护、研究以及露天博物馆建造的历史概况,继以阐述比利时伯克雷克露天博物馆的建造历史,并分析露天博物馆在乡土建筑遗产保护不同历史阶段中的作用,最后基于案例分析简单概括了露天博物馆在乡土建筑遗产保护中的利与弊,以及对当代的历史参考性。

Both the studies on vernacular architecture and the construction of open-air museums in the West began in the late nineteenth century.Before the vernacular architecture was officially listed as protected heritage,the setting up of open-air museums was an important way to preserve this type of built heritage.This paper aims to illustrate the role of open-air museums in vernacular architectural conservation from a historical perspective in the case study of the Bokrijk Open-air Museum in Belgium.Firstly,it introduces the historical overview of the study and conservation of vernacular architecture and the construction of open-air museums in the West.Secondly,it provides the construction history of Bokrijk Open-Air Museum,and analyzes the role of the open-air museums in vernacular architectural conservation at different historical stages.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of the open-air museums in the conservation of vernacular architectural heritage are briefly summarized,as well as the historical reference for the contemporary conservation practices.