何为活态?如何演进?——景迈山村庄规划的思考

Managing Change of Living Heritage:The Case of Jingmai Village Planning

景迈古茶园是第七批全国重点文物保护单位,在2012年入选联合国粮农组织(FAO)全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)、中国世界文化遗产预备名单,当地还有5座村寨列入中国传统村落。本文以景迈山传统村落为研究对象,针对近年来建设活动对村庄格局与风貌的影响,探讨活态遗产的保护与管理理念。文章提出,对于景迈山这样一处有机演进的遗产地,需要从保护“文物”转变为保护“活态的人文和生态系统”,并且应该以“管理变化”、“延续人地关系”为管理的核心,以保证遗产地的可持续发展及有机演进,此外,本文基于景迈山村庄规划的实践,还提出将理念落实到操作层面的具体措施和路径。

The ancient Tea Plantations of Jingmai Mountain is a national protected site in Yunnan Province,designated site as Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS),and also on the Tentative Lists of World Heritage since 2012.Five villages within the heritage area are listed as Chinese Traditional Villages.Taking the traditional villages in Jingmai as the research subject,this paper examines the protection and management of living heritage in response to the impact of constructions in recent years on village structure and fabric.The author proposes that the focus of preserving living heritage site in Jingmai should shift from“cultural relics”to“living culture and ecological systems”with“managing the changes”and“people centered approaches”at the core of management to ensure the sustainable and organic evolution and development of the heritage site.Based on the working experience of the villages'planning in Jingmai,the author proposes specific measures and strategies to put the theoretical concepts into planning practices.