湘南传统建筑营造技艺抢救性研究--汝城地区大木营造技艺

Rescue Documentation of Building Techniques of Traditional Architecture in Southern Hunan:Study on Greater Carpentry Construction in Rucheng Area

湘南地处湖南南部,青砖黛瓦、精美雕刻和彩绘等风格为代表的传统建筑独具一方特色,其中汝城地区人文荟萃,民俗和民族文化相交融,祠堂遍布,自古以来是传统工匠施展营造技艺的绝佳舞台。作为乡土建筑中不可或缺的组成部分,对营造技艺的研究和详细记录工作在当下显得尤为重要。本文通过对湘南郴州市汝城县各级祠堂类文物保护单位建筑的修缮施工现场进行跟踪调研,并走访传统工匠,记录和梳理该地传统建筑大木樺卯制作、“鸿门楼”屋架层安装等营造技艺,以进一步构建我国传统乡土建筑营造技艺的完整谱系。

The traditional vernacular architecture in the southern part of Hunan Province has its own unique features represented by blue bricks and tiles,exquisite carvings and colored paintings.Among them,the Rucheng County region has a unique blend of culture with the folk customs and ethnic groups.The ancestral halls were built everywhere.Since ancient times,it has been a perfect stage for the traditional craftsmen to demonstrate their construction skills.As an integral part of the vernacular architecture,it is of great importance to launch the research and detailed documentation of the traditional construction techniques.In this paper,it presents a research and the instant field investigation we have conducted on the construction site for the repair work of the historical buildings which are ancestral halls at the different levels of the listed cultural heritage protection units in Rucheng County,Chenzhou City.The traditional craftsmen are interviewed,the production process of the mortise and tenon joints of traditional vernacular greater carpentry are documented,and the installation of the“Hong-men Building”are studied,which may further enrich our understanding of Chinese vernacular building technology and its framework.