男子健美运动员Heath-Carter体型特征及与肌力的相关性

Research on Relationship Between Heath-Carter Somatotype with Muscle Torque and Power in Bodybuilders

目的:计算健美运动员Heath-Carter体型三因子值,统计三因子与肌肉力矩及输出功率的相关性,并分析影响因素。方法:确定60名男子健美运动员的体型类型;测量上、下肢及躯干肌的峰值屈、伸力矩;分别以2.5、5、7.5、10、12.5、15%体重比递增负荷完成自行车蹬车运动,记录每种负荷下的最大输出功率。结果:健美运动员体型三因子平均值为4.40-7.21-1.31(0.31-1.07-0.12),坐标值为(-3.11,8.61),属于远离外因子、偏内胚层的中胚层类型。肌肉力矩和输出功率均与内因子不相关,与中因子呈正相关,与外因子呈负相关。结论:中、外因子影响肌肉力矩和功率输出,对肌肉造型起主要作用。由于内因子值较高且与肌肉收缩能力并不相关,提示不宜将健美训练作为减脂的主要手段。

Objective: In order to analyze the influence factors on bodybuilding effect,we calculate bodybuilders’ three factor values of Heath-Carter somatotype,count relevance between three factors ’ with muscle torque and power output.Methods: 60 male bodybuilders’ Heath-Carter somatotype were determined,maximum flexsion/extension moments of their upper and lower limbs were measured,and maximum power outputs were recorded when they accomplish cycloergometer tests with increasing loads amounting to 2.5,5,7.5,10,12.5 and 15% of body weight(BW)respectively.Results: The average three factor values of bodybuilders’ Heath-Carter somatotype were 4.40-7.21-1.31(0.31-1.07-0.12).The coordinate was(-3.11,8.61),so that the somatotype was far away from ectomorphy,partial to endomorphy,and near mesomorphy.There’re no significantly correlation between muscle torque/power with endomorphy.Obviously positive/negative correlation between muscle torque/power with mesomorphy/ectomorphy were developed.Conclusion: Mesomorphy and ectomorphy affect muscle torque/power and then play important role in muscle shaping.The results indicated that bodybuilding was not suitable for being used as a weight loss means because of its high endomorphy value and having no relationship with muscle contraction.