中国武术民族使命的历史观照与现实思考

A Review and Reflection on the National Mission of Chinese Wushu

本文采用文献资料法,分析了历史沿革中中国武术所承担的的民族使命,并对当代中国武术所承担的民族使命进行反思。研究认为:第一,中国武术在历史发展过程中,担负了不同的民族使命:古代武术与军事的紧密联系使其承担了"保家卫国"的民族使命;近代武术的"国术"定位使其承担了"振奋国威"的民族使命;现代武术的"体育"和"文化"的双重定位使其承担了"文化复兴"的民族使命。第二,现今人们在一种民族意识的驱使下,过于强调武术的文化特殊性,赋予武术过多的民族使命,这源于国人对于武术的"文化自觉"与民族"文化不自信"的双重心态;当前中国武术的发展应该淡化"使命意识",建立真正的"武术自信"。

By the method of literation research,this article analyzed the national mission of Chinese Wushu in different period of Chinese history, based on which, rethink the contemporary national mission of Chinese Wushu.The conclusions are as follows.First,in different times the Chinese Wushu was given different national mission,in ancient China,Wushu was closely linked to military and carried on the mission of defending the country;in modern China,Wushu was officially named National Wushu which carried on the mission of boosting the national prestige;in contemporary China,Wushu has been defined as the representative of Chinese sports and culture and given the mission of cultural renaissance.Second,nowadays,driven by a national consciousness,people seem to overemphasize the cultural particularity of Wushu and give it too much national mission,which is due to the Chinese people’s ambivalence-"consciousness on Wushu"and "inferiority on national culture".As a conclusion,at present,Chinese Wushu should relatively desalinate the mission consciousness and establish the real confidence.