中国现当代诗人自传论析——从历史到文本实践

An Analysis of the Autobiography of Modern and Contemporary Chinese Poets:From History to Textual Practice

现代诗人自传在总体上与现代文学同步产生,但在具体时间上又晚于现代文学的发端。它的诞生在汲取西方传记经验的同时,完成了对中国古代传记传统的超越,并呈现书写形式和表现形式的独特性。从20世纪20年代至今,现代诗人自传的发展史就其整体走向可以1949年、1978年和新世纪为界限划分为四个主要阶段,并从内容到形式展现出本土化特征和中国特色。内容上,突出与时代、社会等主体之外主题的紧密联系,并形成了自我张扬型、传统自传型、反思历史与自我解剖型三种具有独特价值的文本类型;表现形式上,杂糅以回忆录、口述史及访谈录、日记等多种体裁和形式。21世纪以来,现当代诗人自传的表现形式更加丰富多样,也使诗人自传的数量得到提升,但从参考、研究的层面,需要从生成方式上对自传价值加以区分,从内容上结合相关文献材料辨析。

On the whole,the autobiography of modern poets appears synchronically with modern literature,but it is later than the beginning of modern literature in specific time.While learning from the experience of Western biography,its birth has completed the transcendence of ancient Chinese biographic tradition with its unique writing form and expression form.From the 1920s to the present,the developmental history of modern poets’autobiographies can be divided into four main stages with the boundaries of 1949,1978 and the new century,and they show the local features and Chinese characteristics from content to form.In terms of content,it highlights the close connection with the themes other than those of the times and society,and forms three types of texts with unique value:self-publicity type,traditional autobiography type,history-reflection and self-dissection type;in terms of form,it is a mixture of memoirs,oral history,interviews,diaries and other genres and forms.Since the beginning of the 21st century,the expression forms of modern and contemporary autobiographies of poets have become more diversified,and the number of autobiographies of poets has been increased.However,from the perspective of reference and research,it is necessary to distinguish the value of autobiographies from the way of generation,and carefully analyze the content in combination with relevant literature.