论黑恶势力犯罪的成因及防控对策--以控制理论和理性选择理论为视角

Causes and Prevention and Control Countermeasures of Crime of Mafia-like Gangs and Evil Forces:A Perspective of Control Theory and Rational Choice Theory

威胁政治安全、社会安定和人民幸福的黑恶势力犯罪非常猖獗。控制理论认为,黑恶势力犯罪可以归结为合法社会控制力量的削弱,尤其是非正式社会控制力量的弱化,以及罪犯在家庭教育缺失情况下导致的低自我控制能力。理性选择理论认为,黑恶势力犯罪是犯罪分子基于犯罪收益与犯罪成本对比关系的理性选择。控制理论对黑恶势力犯罪防治的启示是强化合法社会控制力量,加强基层组织建设和强化基础素质教育,矫正低自我控制能力。理性选择理论的启示则是加强"犯罪预防环境设计",提升黑恶势力犯罪成本和提高对黑恶势力犯罪的防范意识,构筑起心理栅栏。

The crime of mafia-like gangs and evil forces threatening political security,social stability and people’s happiness is still serious. According to the control theory,the crime of mafia-like gangs and evil forces can be attributed to the weakening of legal social control power,especially the weakening of informal social control power or the low self-control ability caused by the collapse and lack of family education in early childhood. According to the theory of rational choice,the cause of the crime of mafia-like gangs and evil forces lies in the criminal’s rational choice based on the comparative relationship between crime income and crime cost. The enlightenment of control theory for the crime prevention and control is to strengthen the legal social control power,strengthen the construction of preliminary organizations,strengthen the basic liberal education,and correct the low self-control ability. The inspiration of the rational choice theory is to strengthen the "design of crime prevention environment",improve the crime cost,enhance the crime prevention awareness,and build a psychological fence.