描述、解释和预测:涉罪未成年人社会调查报告的三重使命

Description,Explanation and Prediction:Three Missions in the Social Survey Report of Minors Involved in Crime

刑罚个别化及国家亲权理论,协同相关的法律规定,为涉罪未成年人社会调查提供了理论基础和制度保障。作为保护未成年人权益的一项重要制度,社会调查贯穿涉罪未成年人司法体系的整个过程。然而,由于社会调查的目标不够明确,执行缺少规范,导致社会调查报告的形式和内容多样、水平不一。因此,要树立调查报告的权威,应努力在社会调查报告中完成描述、解释和预测三重使命,推动制度与实践的良性循环。具体而言,第一要从横向和纵向的角度对涉罪未成年人越轨的风险性因素和保护性因素进行现实的和历史的、个体的和社会的描述;第二,将其生活经历和生活环境状况中的具体因素与其越轨行为建立起联系,解释其行为发生的原因;第三,根据以上资料,对涉罪未成年人的社会危险性进行评估,预测其犯罪行为再次发生的可能性。在综合以上内容的基础上,为司法机关进行定罪量刑提出建议。

The individualization of punishment,the theory of parental rights of the state and the relevant legal provisions provide the theoretical basis and system guarantee for the social survey of minors involved in crimes. As an important system to protect the rights and interests of minors,social survey runs through the whole process of the juvenile justice system. However,due to the lack of clear objectives and standard implementation of social survey,the forms and contents of social survey reports are diverse and of different levels. Therefore,to establish the authority of survey report,we should try to complete the triple missions of description,explanation and prediction in the social survey report and promote the virtuous circle of system and practice. To be specific,the first is to make a realistic,historical,individual and social description of the risk factors and protective factors of juvenile delinquency from the horizontal and vertical perspectives. Secondly,the author establishes a connection between the specific factors in his life experience and living environment and his deviant behavior,and explains the reasons for his behavior. Thirdly,according to the above data,the social risk of minors involved in crimes is evaluated,and the possibility of their criminal acts is predicted. On the basis of the above three aspects,this paper puts forward some suggestions on conviction and sentencing for judicial organs.