金融安全视角下的欧盟数字资产监管策略

The EU’s Supervisory and Regulatory Strategy on Digital Assets from the Perspective of Financial Security

数字资产创新为欧盟金融业发展带来希望,也给其金融安全带来挑战。从最初的虚拟货币(加密货币)到虚拟资产(加密资产),再到全球稳定币;欧盟面临的金融安全风险也从洗钱/恐怖主义融资对区域安全的危害,演变到对金融体系稳定运行的不利影响,再到对货币主权、支付主权构成的挑战。欧盟在数字资产监管过程中充分权衡创新收益与安全风险,在金融体系安全维度循序渐进地加强监管措施,在金融主权安全维度加紧建立数字稳定币监管法规并推动自身数字货币解决方案,在与金融手段相关的其他安全维度果断立法打击利用数字资产开展的恐怖主义融资活动。

Digital asset innovation brings not only opportunities to the EU’s financial sector,but also challenges to its financial security.Along with the progress from virtual currencies(crypto currencies)to virtual assets(crypto assets)and then to global stablecoins,the financial security risks faced by the EU have been transformed from the threats of money laundering/terrorist financing to the regional security to the adverse impacts on the stability of financial system,and then to the challenges to monetary sovereignty and payment sovereignty.In the process of digital asset supervision and regulation,the EU has adequately weighed the innovation benefits and the security risks.With regard to the financial system stability,the EU has strengthened supervisory and regulatory measures step by step.As to the financial sovereignty security,the EU has decided to accelerate the promulgation of regulations on global stablecoins and to promote its own digital currency solutions.In the field of other security interests related to financial transactions,the EU has decisively legislated against the terrorist financing activities that utilize digital asset transactions.