中药牛蒡子主要活性成分微生物转化研究进展

Research Progress on the Microbial Bioconversion of Arctii Fructus

牛蒡子为菊科草本植物牛蒡的干燥成熟果实,具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗糖尿病等多种药理功能。目前已知,牛蒡苷和牛蒡苷元是中药牛蒡子的主要活性成分,摄入体内的牛蒡苷或牛蒡苷元可进一步被肠道菌群转化为去甲基牛蒡苷元、肠二醇、肠内酯等多种代谢产物。现有研究表明,牛蒡苷或牛蒡苷元的微生物转化产物具有比牛蒡苷元更高、更广的生物学活性。综述不同产地牛蒡子主要活性成分含量、药代动力学及肠道菌群代谢差异,旨在为牛蒡子主要活性成分微生物转化产物的研究与开发提供参考。

Arctii Fructus is the ripe and dry seed of Asteraceae herb(Arctium lappa L.), which has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-virus and anti-diabetes. Plant lignans arctiin and arctigenin, which are the main components of the traditional Chinese herb Arctii Fructus, can be converted to many different kinds of metabolites including demethylated arctigenin, enterodiol and enterolactone, through demethylation and dehydroxylation by animal intestinal flora. Current studies have shown that the microbial transformation products of arctiin or arctigenin have stronger and wider biological activity than arctigenin. This paper reviews the main components, the pharmacokinetics and the microbial bioconversion of Arctii Fructus, so as to accelerate the research and development of microbial metabolites of the main components in Arctii Fructus.