社会正义是幻象吗?——哈耶克、密尔论分配正义

Is Social Justice a Mirage?—Hayek and Mill on Distributive Justice

哈耶克对约翰·斯图亚特·密尔的分配正义观提出了激烈的批评。他的批评大体分为两部分:第一,他指出密尔的分配正义观存在的问题,即在市场社会谈论分配正义没有意义,因为人们对实行哪种分配正义观点未达成一致意见,并且,实行分配正义政策可能带来“全权性体制”;第二,他也指出密尔分配正义的两个基础并不成立,即将生产领域与分配领域完全分开是不可能的,以及功利主义根本无法确定哪种分配正义原则能够实现最大化快乐或幸福。实际上,哈耶克对密尔所持有的分配正义观及其基础的批评都不成立,不仅如此,他自己也持有与密尔非常相近的“分配正义”政策。

Hayek expressed his fierce criticism of John Stuart Mill's view on distributive justice,and his criticism generally included two parts.Firstly,he pointed out the problem within Mill's view on distributive justice—it is meaningless to discuss distributive justice in a market society,because people are not unanimous in the kind of distributive justice to be applied,and the application of distributive justice policy might result in a“totalitarian system”.Secondly,Hayek also noted that the two fundamentals in Mill's distributive justice are untenable.It is impossible to thoroughly divide the production realm and the distribution realm,and utilitarianism could not certify which principle of distributive justice could satisfy the maximization of pleasure and happiness.In fact,Hayek's criticism regarding Mill's view on distributive justice and its fundamentals is invalid,and beyond that,he himself believes in the policies of“distributive justice”very much like those of Mill's.