钱钟书清代诗学评论刍议

On Qian Zhongshu’s Poetics in the Qing Dynasty

钱钟书对清代诗学的论述是20世纪清代诗学研究的重要成果,《谈艺录》中有关清代诗学的评价在很大程度上影响了后来的清代诗学研究。钱钟书凭借他过人的学识和特殊的学术渊源,不仅揭示了清诗史的若干重要环节,为一些著名诗人的评价划出标准,还阐明了清代诗学的一些重要理论问题。尤其是涉及宋诗派、桐城诗学、晚清诗坛的论述以及对王士禛、钱载、袁枚、江湜、黄遵宪等一些重要作家的认识,直接主导了新时期清代诗歌和诗学研究的走向。回顾20世纪的清代诗歌和诗学研究,有必要对钱钟书的学术成就作一番总结,同时对他论述中的一些偏颇不确之说加以反思和辨正,从而给钱钟书的清代诗学研究一个恰如其分的定位。

Qian Zhongshu’s exposition on Qing poetics was an important achievement of Qing poetics research in the 20 th century. The evaluation of Qing poetics in Tanyilu has largely influenced later Qing poetry study. With his outstanding knowledge and special academic origins, Qian Zhongshu not only revealed several important links in the history of Qing poetry, set standards for the evaluation of some famous poets, but also clarified some important theoretical issues of poetry in the Qing Dynasty. In particular, the discussions related to the Song poetry school, Tongcheng poetics, and poetry in the late Qing Dynasty, as well as the understanding of some important writers such as Wang Shizhen, Qian Zai, Yuan Mei, Jiang Yan, Huang Zunxian, etc., directly led the trend of Qing Dynasty poetry and poetics research. Looking back to Qing Dynasty poetry and poetics research in the 20 th century, it is necessary to summarize Qian Zhongshu’s academic achievements, and at the same time to reflect on and correct some of the biases in his dissertation, so as to give Qian Zhongshu’s Modern poetics studies a proper position.